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Robust covariance matrix estimation in SPSS

   IN SPSS,  Produces the parameter estimates along with robust or heteroskedasticity-consistent (HC) standard errors. When  Parameter estimates with robust standard errors  is selected, the following methods are available for the robust covariance matrix estimation. HC0 Based on the original asymptotic or large sample robust, empirical, or "sandwich" estimator of the covariance matrix of the parameter estimates. The middle part of the sandwich contains squared OLS (ordinary least squares) or squared weighted WLS (weighted least squares) residuals. HC1 A finite-sample modification of HC0, multiplying it by N/(N-p), where N is the sample size and p is the number of non-redundant parameters in the model. HC2 A modification of HC0 that involves dividing the squared residual by 1-h, where h is the leverage for the case. HC3 A modification of HC0 that approximates a jackknife estimator. Squared residuals are divided by the square of 1-h. HC4 A modification of HC0 tha...

Define contrast in SPSS

  The following contrast types are provided in SPSS Indicator Contrasts indicate the presence or absence of category membership. By default,  Reference group  is the first category (represented in the contrast matrix as a row of zeros). Deviation Compares the mean of each level (except a reference category) to the mean of all of the levels (grand mean). The levels of the factor can be in any order.  Reference group  allows you to select either the first or last group as the reference. The Preview pane displays information based on your selection. Simple Compares the mean of each level to the mean of a specified level. This type of contrast is useful when there is a control group.  Reference group  allows you to select either the first or last group as the reference. The Preview pane displays information based on your selection. Difference Compares the mean of each level (except the first) to the mean of previous levels. (sometimes called reverse Helmer...