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  Number Sets, Definition Natural Numbers  - Common counting numbers. Prime Number  - A natural number greater than 1 which has only 1 and itself as factors. Composite Number  - A natural number greater than 1 which has more factors than 1 and itself. Whole Numbers  - The set of Natural Numbers with the number 0 adjoined. Integers  - Whole Numbers with their opposites (negative numbers) adjoined. Rational Numbers  - All numbers which can be written as fractions. Irrational Numbers  - All numbers which cannot be written as fractions. Real Numbers  - The set of Rational Numbers with the set of Irrational Numbers adjoined. Complex Number  - A number which can be written in the form a + bi where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1. In set theory, constants are often one-character symbols used to denote key  mathematical sets . The following table documents the most notable of these — along with their respective meani...

  Understanding Circle Point on circumference of above circle follows the equation x 2  + y 2  = 5 2 (also called as circle equation) All points are the same distance  from the center. Which in general can be written as,  x 2  + y 2  = radius 2 When center of the circle is not the origin of axis, equation is, (x−a) 2  + (y−b) 2  = r 2 (this is standard form for the equation of a circle). you may see a circle equation and  not know it ! Tangent to the circle Consider a  circle  in the above figure whose centre is O. AB is the tangent to a circle through point C. Take a point D on tangent AB other than C and join OD. Point D should lie outside the circle because; if point D lies inside, then AB will be a secant to the circle and it will not be a tangent. Therefore, OD will be greater than the radius of circle OC. This happens for every point on AB except the point of contact C. It can be concluded that OC is the sh...